Problems in big cities: Moscow, London, New York. [Drill]

Every city has it's own history. And this history it's closely related with the history of the whole humanity. Since people are not perfect, it's common for them to have problems.

Nowadays, people spread throughout the world making societies. And despite the fact that they have different culture and place where they live, common problems take place anyway.

The first one is the problem of overpopulation. Millions of people try to live in one place, reducing the amount of the private space. For example, New-York has the population over than 8 million people. Indeed, it's more than Australia or Sweden have.

The second one is the transport problem, which implies from the first one. The number of people is growing and the number of vehicles is growing too.

Another one is ecological problem. Since industrial revolution happened, a lot of new manufactures have been invented. People are exploiting the nature with the wish to fulfill their growing requirements. As the result, we have many kinds of threat for the Earth's well-being. For instance, in London 52 000 people died due to extreme level of smog in 1952.

Great Britain - Overview [Drill]

Great Britain (official name - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island) is situated on two large islands: the largest is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. The total area of Great Britain is 240 000 sq. kms and population is over 63 000 000.

In north-west and west Great Britain is washed by Atlantic Ocean. From France is divided by English Channel.

The island of Great Britain is consist of two main parts: mountainous and lowland. The most important rivers are Themes (the deepest) and Severn (the longest).

Administratively, UK is consist of 55 independent countries, united into 4 main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland. Cities with a great fluent are London, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh and Cardiff.

Great Britain is parliamentary monarchy, officially the head of state is Queen or King. But there is no absolute power. And as long as the parliament exist, the power is spread between the Prime Minister, The House of lords and House of commons. This political system has been working since it was formed in 1265.

UK is a highly-developed industrial country with the influence upon the whole world.

Alfred Nobel - A man of contrasts [Drill]

Alfred Nobel is the businessman, scientist and man with great ambitions. He tried to make this world better with love in the whole mankind.

He was born in Stockholm in 1832, lived in Russian Empire for 21 years and eventually got back to his origin country in 1853. Nobel had a good private education and by the time he was twenty he had mastered several languages and started his own chemist researches.

As a result of his work, he invented the dynamite. And so long as he was a great industrialist he managed to predict the coming requirements of society and made a good business with peacetime industries.

But he was never concerned about his self-profit. Alfred used to invest the most part of his income to the scientific funds with wish to encourage people to make this world better by spreading of science and preventing the society conflicts. And one of the most well-known Nobel's legacy is the Nobel's fund, which is distributed between physics, chemistry, psychology, medicine, economics, literature and promotion of world peace.

Elasticity - Summary

The text under consideration is entitled "Elasticity".

In this article, author describes the property of all kind of material objects to return it's original form or size after the force is pushed into that object. Scientists call this physics phenomena as "elasticity of solid objects".

Every object in different states may have different degree of elasticity. Say, gazes and water are more elastic than solid objects.

The limit of elasticity is the point which may break the relation between the pushing and returning force if you go beyond it.

The text is concluded with the statement that expanding the iron spring within the limit doesn't have any practical purposes and the rubber band's limit has the large amount.

Artificial Intellegence - Summary

The text under consideration is called "Artificial Intelligence".

This article is devoted to the technologies known as experts systems. This kind of systems is developed with the help to scientists and professionals to carry out with routine tasks.

Nowadays, experts in most cases solve non-structered problem using already specified rules of thumbs aka. heuristics. They solve activities, identify the problem, process data and do a lot of another useful things that people evaluates high. And, what's more, this systems provide both deep and surface representations.

Author concludes his text with the bias, that developing of this kind of useful technologies is not stopped and require further working.

Link to the source text:
https://www.evernote.com/l/Ac8ovXj5QjdMIoqqBoEi3bHA5YJGVhlX7z0